Pharmacogenomics involves which type of analysis?

• A. In vitro receptor binding studies
• B. The systemic genomic analysis in populations of treated subjects to identify gene variants that predict drug response, including adverse reactions
• C. Clinical trial blinding methods
• D. Animal model genetic mapping

Answer: (B)

Pharmacogenomics analyzes how genetic differences among individuals influence drug response, including both efficacy and adverse effects, by examining genomic data from treated populations to identify variants that predict outcomes. This approach links specific gene polymorphisms—such as those in drug-metabolizing enzymes, targets, transporters, or immune genes—to differences in how a drug is processed or how it acts, enabling more personalized therapy and dosing. Other options aren’t about linking human genetic variation to drug response: in vitro receptor binding studies focus on lab interactions with receptors, clinical trial blinding relates to study design, and animal genetic mapping is preclinical work in animals.